MEMORY VERSE
When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, “It is finished,” and he bowed his head and gave up
his spirit. (John 19:30)

KEY BIBLICAL THEOLOGICAL THEMES
Substitution, Redemption, Covenant

THE STORY SO FAR
God created a kingdom, and he is the King, but he made human beings to represent him in that kingdom.
Adam and Eve rejected this call, which led to sin and death. But God promised to defeat the
Serpent through the seed of the woman, who is also the seed of Abraham. Through Abraham’s family,
and specifically Judah’s royal seed, David, the covenant blessings would come to the world. Because
all people were guilty and deserved death, the sacrifices of the Mosaic law revealed more clearly their
need for a substitute—the suffering servant. Through the servant and the work of the Spirit, God would
establish a new covenant and give lasting life to his people in the new heavens and new earth.
Jesus is the One through whom all of these promises find fulfillment, first in his sacrificial death
for sin.

STUDY QUESTIONS
1) What did Jesus mean when he said, “It is finished”?
2) Jesus “did all the things God had required of his people”. What
are some of the ways Jesus succeeded where Adam, Abraham, Israel itself, King David, and others had
failed? What does Jesus’s victory in these ways mean for us today?
3) Why do you think that so few readers of the Old Testament had made the connection between the
promises of the Anointed One (“Messiah”) and the suffering servant? Why is this connection counterintuitive
for us today as well?
4) Why was it necessary for Jesus to bear “our sins in his body on the tree, that we might die to sin and
live to righteousness” (1 Pet. 2:24)?

BIBLE READINGS
Psalm 22
How does this psalm help you understand the biblical theological themes from this chapter and the big
story of the Bible, which culminates with Jesus?
John 19
What are some key insights from this passage that add to your understanding of the story and the biblical
theological themes?